Biology

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All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are classified as either PROKARYOTIC or EUKARYOTIC.

Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, are SMALLER and SIMPLER

Eukaryotic cells are MORE COMPLEX and are what make up all animal and plant cells.

 

 

Key Structures in Animal Cells

• Nucleus: Houses genetic material DNA and controls cell activities.

• Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance with enzymes for chemical reactions.

• Cell Membrane: Manages what enters and exits the cell.

• Mitochondria: The site of aerobic respiration, providing energy.

• Ribosomes: Where proteins are synthesised.

 

 

Distinctive Features of Plant Cells

• Rigid Cell Wall: Composed of cellulose, it provides support and structure.

• Permanent Vacuole: Contains cell sap, a storage for sugar and salts.

• Chloroplasts: The location of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll to absorb light.

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Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

• Animal cells lack a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and usually have smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells.

 

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Bacterial Cells

• Bacterial cells are prokaryotic.

• They lack a true nucleus, instead having a single circular strand of DNA.

• Some have additional small rings of DNA called plasmids.

AQA COMBINED HIGHER

 

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Remember, a cell is like a city, with different structures performing unique functions to keep it operational. Each part is crucial for the survival and proper functioning of the cell, just as city services are essential for a city to thrive.